Risk Factors for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Rural Areas of Tilango Health Center, Gorontalo

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Vol. 23 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Volume 23 No. 1, Januari 2026
Published: Jan 31, 2026
Keywords:
Pulmonary TB,
Temperature,
Relative Humidity,
Lighting,
Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

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Yanti Mustafa
Department of Environmental Sanitation, Gorontalo Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health
Marhamah Yudin
Department of Environmental Sanitation, Gorontalo Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health
Deddy Alif Utama
Department of Environmental Sanitation, Gorontalo Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health
Fitriani Sudirman
Department of Environmental Sanitation, Gorontalo Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health
Atyaf Umi Faizah
Department of Environmental Sanitation, Gorontalo Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health
Ahcmad Citro Demolingo
Department of Environmental Sanitation, Gorontalo Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health

Abstract

The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia has set a target for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) elimination by 2030; however, its implementation still faces various challenges in the field. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of pulmonary TB and examine the influence of indoor air quality and a history of diabetes mellitus (DM) on pulmonary TB incidence within the working area of Tilango Health Center, Gorontalo Regency. A case-control study design was employed, with each study group comprising 54 participants. The results showed that Tabumela Village recorded the highest proportion of pulmonary TB cases (31.5%), with most patients being male (55.6%) and aged 45–54 years (25.9%). Environmental factor analysis indicated that natural lighting was significantly associated with pulmonary TB incidence (p = 0.020), whereas humidity, temperature, and household ventilation (p = 0.837; 0.837; 0.558) did not show a significant relationship. A history of BCG immunization and previous COVID-19 infection (p = 0.643; 0.558) were also not significantly associated with pulmonary TB. Conversely, a strong association was observed between DM and pulmonary TB incidence (p < 0.001), indicating that individuals with DM have a higher risk. These findings underscore that pulmonary TB prevention requires improving natural lighting in homes, managing DM, and implementing integrated strategies through housing environment improvements and community education.

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