JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN: Jurnal dan Aplikasi Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan

Application of Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Control (HIRAC) in Academic Office Workspaces

Yosef Barita Sar Manik — 2026-07-31

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is essential for creating a safe, healthy, and productive work environment, including academic offices. However, occupational safety and health (OSH) practices in higher education administrative workplaces remain limited, and workplace hazards are often underestimated. This study aimed to identify workplace hazards, assess occupational risks, and propose appropriate control measures in the faculty cubicle area at President University using the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Control (HIRAC) method. A descriptive observational design was applied following ISO 45001:2018. Data were collected through direct observation and documentation, and risk levels were determined using a likelihood–severity matrix. The assessment identified 21 hazard scenarios involving safety, physical, ergonomic, biological, and psychosocial hazards. Electrical hazards, particularly damaged outlets and excessive use of extension cords, presented the highest risk (risk value = 16) because of their potential to cause electric shock, short circuits, and fire. Other notable hazards included damaged chairs, cluttered workspaces, improper fire extinguisher placement, and inadequate ventilation. Control measures developed according to the hierarchy of controls reduced the average calculated risk value from 9.0 to 3.3, indicating improved workplace risk management. These findings demonstrate that HIRAC provides a practical and systematic approach for identifying workplace hazards, prioritizing risks, and supporting effective risk control in academic office environments. The study was limited to a single workspace and a relatively short observation period.

Determination of Alkalinity and Chloride in Well Water Before and After Purification Using Titration Method

Irja Sepriyanyo Jenmau — 2026-07-31

This study aims to determine the levels of alkalinity and chloride in well water before and after the purification process in Kampung Jaifuri, Skanto District, Keerom Regency. Well water is the primary water source for the local community; therefore, its quality needs to be evaluated to ensure its suitability for daily use. The parameters analyzed in this study were alkalinity and chloride levels as important indicators of water chemical quality. The method used in this research was titration. Alkalinity was determined using acid-base titration with phenolphthalein and methyl orange indicators, while chloride levels were measured using argentometric titration (Mohr method). Water samples were collected before and after the purification process to compare their quality. The results showed that alkalinity decreased from 2.64 mg/L to 2.28 mg/L after purification. Similarly, chloride levels decreased from 7.81 mg/L to 6.39 mg/L. These results indicate that the purification process was effective in improving water quality by reducing the concentration of chemical substances in the well water. In conclusion, the water purification process is effective in reducing alkalinity and chloride levels, thereby improving the quality of well water in Kampung Jaifuri. It is recommended that the community apply water purification methods before using well water for daily needs.

A Systematic Review of Lean–Safety Integration for Preventing Fire and Explosion Hazards in Industrial Systems

Muhamad Dawaman — 2026-02-07

Fires and explosions in industrial environments pose major risks to personnel, assets, and the environment. Lean thinking, traditionally used to improve operational efficiency by eliminating waste, has increasingly been applied to safety management. This study presents a systematic literature review (SLR) of 50 peer-reviewed articles to synthesise current evidence on how lean principles support fire and explosion hazard prevention in industrial settings. The review followed a structured search and selection process based on PRISMA guidelines using major scientific databases. The synthesis indicates that lean contributes to safety improvement through three main mechanisms: (1) enhancing workplace organisation and process visibility, which reduces hazard accumulation; (2) supporting early identification of risk sources through structured process analysis; and (3) strengthening continuous improvement cultures that sustain safety practices. Rather than acting as standalone solutions, lean approaches are most effective when integrated with formal safety and risk assessment methods such as HAZOP and Six Sigma. This review consolidates dispersed knowledge on lean–safety applications and identifies current research trends and gaps. The findings highlight lean as a complementary strategy for systematic hazard prevention while maintaining operational performance. Future research directions include quantitative validation and integration with digital monitoring technologies.

Environmental Health Risk Analysis Around the Banjarbakula Landfill Using the HIRADC Approach

Muhammad Irfa'i — 2026-01-28

Landfills are a critical component of urban solid waste management systems; however, when inadequately managed, they may pose substantial risks to environmental quality and public health in surrounding communities. This study aimed to analyze environmental quality and public health risks in the vicinity of the Banjarbakula Landfill. A descriptive–analytic cross-sectional design was employed, integrating measurements of ambient air quality, groundwater quality, and soil quality at selected locations around the landfill with a community health survey. Risk analysis was conducted using the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Determining Control (HIRADC) method. The results indicated that concentrations of landfill gases and airborne particulates exceeded environmental quality standards, while groundwater and soil samples were contaminated with heavy metals, including lead, mercury, and cadmium. The community health survey revealed a high prevalence of respiratory disorders, skin diseases, and gastrointestinal disturbances, particularly among residents living closer to the landfill site. Risk assessment identified chemical and biological hazards as the dominant risks, classified as high risk. These findings demonstrate that the management of the Banjarbakula Landfill still requires significant improvements to reduce environmental degradation and public health risks. This study provides a scientific basis for strengthening policy implementation, enhancing landfill management technologies, and improving public health protection in communities surrounding landfill areas.

A Comparative Analysis of Key Factors Influencing Compliance in Medical Solid Waste Management in Healthcare Facilities

Hasina Paradiba — 2026-01-31

Medical solid waste management is a crucial global challenge for healthcare systems due to therisk of nosocomial infections and the resulting environmental impacts. Although Indonesiahas strict regulations, implementation in the field still faces obstacles such as lack of training, inadequate infrastructure, and low awareness among healthcare workers. This contrasts withseveral other Southeast Asian countries that have successfully implemented integrated auditsystems and comprehensive training programs. This study aims to identifyand analyze key factors (knowledge and attitudes) influencing compliance with medical solid waste management inIndonesia and compare it with other Southeast Asian countries.This study used a meta-analysisdesign with a Comparative Systematic Review approach. Secondary data was obtained from asystematic search of PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases for articles published between 2018 and 2025. The analysis showed a significant relationship between staff knowledge and medical waste management compliance. Meanwhile, staff's positive attitudes consistently correlated with higher compliance across both geographic regions, with nosignificant difference in the strength of the effect. Knowledge and attitudes are the main determinants of medical waste management compliance. The dominance of knowledge in Indonesia indicates a gap in technical understanding that needs to be addressed. In general, ]countries with more integrated monitoring and training systems show more stable compliancerates. The Indonesian government and healthcare facility managers are advised to improve ongoing technical training programs and strengthen internal audit systems.